{"id":2367,"date":"2024-05-03T14:07:02","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T14:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zlati.legal\/?p=2367"},"modified":"2024-05-03T14:07:02","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T14:07:02","slug":"furt-calificat-masca-de-protectie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zic.legal\/ro\/furt-calificat-masca-de-protectie\/","title":{"rendered":"Re\u021binerea infrac\u021biunii de furt calificat pentru persoana ce poart\u0103 masc\u0103 de protec\u021bie \u00een momentul sustragerii unui bun. Dezlegarea de drept nr. 4\/2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cenalta Curte de Casa\u021bie \u0219i Justi\u021bie a fost sesizat\u0103 cu privire la urm\u0103toarea problem\u0103 de drept:<\/p>\n

\u00cen situa\u0163ia \u00een care infrac\u0163iunea de furt este comis\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 ce poart\u0103 o masc\u0103, \u00eentr-un spa\u0163iu unde purtarea m\u0103\u015ftii este obligatorie, se re\u0163ine varianta calificat\u0103 a infrac\u0163iunii de furt prev\u0103zute de dispozi\u0163iile art. 228 alin. (1)-art. 229 alin. (1) lit. c) din Codul penal?<\/p>\n

Decizia nr. 4\/2022 a Completului pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept<\/h3>\n

Prin Decizia nr. 4\/2022<\/a>, \u00cenalta Curte de Casa\u021bie \u0219i Justi\u021bie a admis sesizarea formulat\u0103 de Curtea de Apel Bucure\u0219ti – Sec\u0163ia a II-a penal\u0103 \u0219i a stabilit urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

\u00cendeplinirea obliga\u0163iei de a purta o masc\u0103 de protec\u0163ie av\u00e2nd aptitudinea de a ascunde fizionomia, \u00een spa\u0163iile publice \u00een care actele normative \u00een vigoare prev\u0103d obligativitatea acesteia, atrage inciden\u0163a elementului circumstan\u0163ial agravant prev\u0103zut de art. 229 alin. (1) lit. c) din Codul penal privind infrac\u0163iunea de furt s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit\u0103 de c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 decizie clarific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 purtarea unei m\u0103\u0219ti de protec\u021bie care are aptitudinea de a \u00eengreuna identificarea autorului, \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu unde portul m\u0103\u0219tii este obligatoriu, nu \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 inciden\u021ba formei calificate a infrac\u021biunii de furt prev\u0103zut\u0103 de art. 228 alin. (1) raportat la art. 229 alin. (1) lit. c) din Codul penal.<\/p>\n

Ra\u021biunile deciziei \u00cenaltei Cur\u021bi de Casa\u021bie \u0219i Justi\u021bie<\/h3>\n

\u00cenalta Curte a ar\u0103tat c\u0103, \u00een lipsa unei defini\u021bii legale a sintagmei “persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103”, \u00een\u021belesul acesteia nu poate fi dec\u00e2t cel comun. Astfel, mascarea unei persoane presupune acoperirea fe\u021bei cu o masc\u0103 sau colorarea acesteia \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t f\u0103ptuitorul s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 fi recunoscut sau s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 fi u\u0219or recunoscut.<\/p>\n

Ca atare, portul m\u0103\u0219tii de protec\u021bie nu confer\u0103 automat celui care o poart\u0103 calitatea de persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103, fiind necesar ca masca \u0219i modalitatea \u00een care aceasta este purtat\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 aptitudinea de a \u00eengreuna identificarea autorului. Aceast\u0103 \u00eemprejurare de fapt urmeaz\u0103 a fi stabilit\u0103 de la caz la caz.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, instan\u021ba suprem\u0103 a subliniat c\u0103, odat\u0103 ce autorul furtului poate fi considerat o persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103, din perspectiva \u00eencadr\u0103rii juridice, este lipsit de relevan\u021b\u0103 scopul sau mobilul masc\u0103rii. Prin urmare, argumentul c\u0103 autorul nu ar urm\u0103ri prin mascare \u00eengreunarea identific\u0103rii, ci respectarea obliga\u021biei legale, nu poate fi acceptat deoarece textul de incriminare nu prevede o astfel de cerin\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 ata\u0219at\u0103 elementului subiectiv.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, \u00cenalta Curte a re\u021binut c\u0103 \u00eendeplinirea unei obliga\u021bii legale nu \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 elementul circumstan\u021bial agravant. \u00cen lipsa unei prevederi exprese, a conferi acestei \u00eemprejur\u0103ri un astfel de efect ar \u00eensemna a ad\u0103uga cauzei justificative un efect pe care legea nu \u00eel prevede. Dac\u0103 legiuitorul ar fi considerat c\u0103 m\u0103sura instituit\u0103 \u00een scop de preven\u021bie sanitar\u0103 face ca sanc\u021bionarea mai grav\u0103 a furtului comis de o persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103 cu o masc\u0103 de protec\u021bie s\u0103 nu fie justificat\u0103 \u00een condi\u021biile obligativit\u0103\u021bii acesteia, ar fi putut s\u0103 confere \u00eemprejur\u0103rii, cu caracter de excep\u021bie, un astfel de efect, prin chiar actul normativ care o instituie.<\/p>\n

Importan\u021ba deciziei pentru practica judiciar\u0103 \u00een materie penal\u0103<\/h3>\n

Decizia nr. 4\/2022 a \u00ceCCJ are o importan\u021b\u0103 deosebit\u0103 pentru practica judiciar\u0103 \u00een materie penal\u0103, aduc\u00e2nd claritate \u00eentr-o problem\u0103 de drept controversat\u0103 ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een contextul pandemic. Ea stabile\u0219te c\u0103 purtarea unei m\u0103\u0219ti de protec\u021bie care \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 identificarea autorului, chiar dac\u0103 este impus\u0103 de lege, nu \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 forma calificat\u0103 a infrac\u021biunii de furt.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 interpretare este \u00een acord cu principiul legalit\u0103\u021bii, care impune ca norma penal\u0103 s\u0103 fie strict interpretat\u0103 \u0219i aplicat\u0103. \u00cen context, \u00cenalta Curte a subliniat c\u0103 nu se poate ad\u0103uga pe cale de interpretare o condi\u021bie care nu este prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege, cum ar fi scopul masc\u0103rii, \u0219i nici nu se poate elimina un element circumstan\u021bial agravant expres reglementat, cum este cel privind s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219irea furtului de c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Totodat\u0103, decizia subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 ra\u021biunea instituirii formei calificate subzist\u0103 indiferent de caracterul obligatoriu sau nu al portului m\u0103\u0219tii, respectiv faptul c\u0103 identificarea \u0219i tragerea la r\u0103spundere penal\u0103 a autorului sunt \u00eengreunate. Chiar dac\u0103 autorul nu urm\u0103re\u0219te acest lucru, el accept\u0103 c\u0103 stabilirea identit\u0103\u021bii sale este dificil\u0103, ceea ce \u00eei spore\u0219te \u00eendr\u0103zneala.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 decizie se r\u0103sfr\u00e2nge inclusiv asupra altor situa\u021bii, precum cea \u00een care f\u0103ptuitorul sustrage bunuri \u00een timp ce poart\u0103 o casc\u0103 de protec\u021bie care \u00eei acoper\u0103 fa\u021ba. Astfel, simplul fapt c\u0103 acesta are obliga\u021bia legal\u0103 de a purta casc\u0103 \u00een momentul \u00een care conduce o motociclet\u0103 pe drumurile publice nu \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103 re\u021binerea agravantei.<\/p>\n

Concluzii privind infrac\u021biunea de furt calificat s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103<\/h3>\n

\u00cen concluzie, Decizia nr. 4\/2022 a \u00ceCCJ reprezint\u0103 un pas important \u00een asigurarea unei practici unitare \u00een materia infrac\u021biunilor de furt comise \u00een contextul pandemic. Ea transmite un mesaj ferm c\u0103 obliga\u021bia legal\u0103 de a purta masc\u0103 de protec\u021bie nu poate fi invocat\u0103 pentru a \u00eenl\u0103tura forma calificat\u0103 a infrac\u021biunii, atunci c\u00e2nd masca are aptitudinea de a \u00eengreuna identificarea autorului.<\/p>\n

Desigur, \u00een aplicarea acestei decizii vor trebui avute \u00een vedere circumstan\u021bele concrete ale fiec\u0103rei cauze, pentru a stabili dac\u0103 persoana care a purtat masca poate fi considerat\u0103 o “persoan\u0103 mascat\u0103” \u00een sensul legii penale. Astfel, o masc\u0103 purtat\u0103 sub nas sau sub b\u0103rbie nu atrage automat re\u021binerea acestei circumstan\u021be agravante.<\/p>\n

Informa\u021bii suplimentare<\/strong><\/h3>\n

George Zlati\u00a0<\/a>este avocat de drept penal \u0219i lector universitar. Acesta este titular al disciplinei\u00a0Drept penal. Partea special\u0103<\/em>\u00a0la nivel licen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0Criminalitate informatic\u0103\u00a0<\/em>la nivel de masterat, av\u00e2nd de asemenea un doctorat pe criminalitate informatic\u0103.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cenalta Curte de Casa\u021bie \u0219i Justi\u021bie a fost sesizat\u0103 cu privire la urm\u0103toarea problem\u0103 de drept: \u00cen situa\u0163ia \u00een care infrac\u0163iunea de furt este comis\u0103 de o persoan\u0103 ce poart\u0103 o masc\u0103, \u00eentr-un spa\u0163iu unde purtarea m\u0103\u015ftii este obligatorie, se re\u0163ine varianta calificat\u0103 a infrac\u0163iunii de furt prev\u0103zute de dispozi\u0163iile art. 228 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[4,22,20,23,24,25],"class_list":["post-2367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diverse","tag-avocat-george-zlati","tag-decizia-nr-4-2022","tag-dezlegare-de-drept","tag-furt-calificat","tag-masca-de-protectie","tag-persoana-mascata"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRe\u021binerea infrac\u021biunii de furt calificat pentru persoana ce poart\u0103 masc\u0103 de protec\u021bie \u00een momentul sustragerii unui bun. 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